Power Supply Design - Power Transformer

             
Input data Nm= 0.084   Minimum Secondary to Primary Turn Ratio    
  Vbn= 407 Vdc Nominal Average DC Boost Voltage    
  Vbx= 450 Vdc Maximum Boost Voltage    
  Vt= 2.84 V Max voltage drop, Bridge Switches    
  fdc= 180 kHz Switching Frequency, DC/DC Converter    
  tdc= 5.56 us Switching Period, DC/DC Converter    
  Impk= 2.1 A Peak magnetizing current    
  Ddcn= 86.8 % Nominal DC/DC Stage Duty Cycle    
  Iprrms= 7.6 Arms RMS Current, Transformer Primary    
  Iscrms= 45.1 Arms RMS Current, Transformer Secondary Eq. end to end - Idc  
  Ioutn= 90.00 Adc Nominal Output Current    
  ks= 1   1 for Center Tap, 2 for Current Doubler    
  Icd= 6.0 A/mm2 Current density    
  Smp= 3.7 mm Safety margin, Pri/HF winding, mm    
  Sms= 3.1 mm Safety margin, Sec/LF winding, mm    
  Whm= 8.5 mm Min winding height, mm E55/28/21  
  Wwm= 33.5 mm Min winding width, mm E55/28/21  
  Ht= 21.0 mm Core height or "C" dimension E55/28/21  
  Ltm= 88.5 mm Min turn length E55/28/21  
  le= 124.0 mm Magnetic path length E55/28/21  
  Ae= 353 mm2 Magnetic core area, effective E55/28/21  
  Am= 345 mm2 Magnetic core area, minimum E55/28/21  
  Vm= 44,000 mm3 Magnetic volume E55/28/21  
  ur= 1,800   u, ungapped core, no DC bias 3F3  
  Bmax= 0.30 T Maximum flux density @130°C 3F3  
  uh= 99.5 % Permeability @ Hpk 3F3  
  nctr= 1   Number of core sets    
             
Intermediate Ltm= 88.5 mm Min turn length, nctr sets    
data Ltn= 106.8 mm Average turn length, nctr sets E55/28/21  
  Aet= 353 mm2 Magnetic core area, effective, nctr sets E55/28/21  
  Amt= 345 mm2 Magnetic core area, minimum, nctr sets E55/28/21  
  Vmt= 44,000 mm3 Magnetic volume, nctr sets    
  Vc= 31,214 mm3 Copper volume    
  Vt= 75,214 mm3 Total transformer volume E55/28/21  
  ALc= 10.0 nH/T2 AL, primary coil only    
  ALo= 6,439 nH/T2 AL, ungapped core, no DC bias E55/28/21-3F3  
  ALot= 6,439 nH/T2 AL, ungapped core, no DC bias, nctr sets    
  Llk=   uH Primary leakage inductance    
  Cpri= 230 pF Primary capacitance    
             
Output data Npmin= 6.0   Minimum Number of turns, Primary    
  Np= 12.0   Primary Number of turns, chosen > 2 x Npmin  
  Nsc= 1.0   Secondary Number of turns, calculated    
  Ns= 1.0   Secondary Number of turns, chosen 2 x Ns end to end  
  Bpk= 0.12 T Actual peak flux density, steady state OK  
  kw= 1   1 for 4 portions, 2 for 8 portions 4 winding portions  
  N= 0.0833   Actual Secondary to Primary Turn Ratio    
  Lm= 461 uH Magnetizing inductance    
  Idcpk= 1.6 A Maximum DC current    
  AL= 3,202 nH/T2 Core Al, ungapped, bias @ Hpk    
  Gap0= 0.04 mm Core gap, no fringe effect x 2  
  Gap= 0.04 mm Core gap, closer to real    
  dB= 116 mT Half of B peak to peak variation    
             
             
  Power Transformer Loss      
             
Intermediate Pcld= 251 mW/cm3 Philips Ferrite 3F3 material    
data Dpenm= 0.188 mm Penetration depth, mm    
  Dpen= 7.4 mil Penetration depth, mil    
  Smp= 147 mil Safety margin primary, mil    
  Sms= 122 mil Safety margin secondary, mil    
  Ww= 1.319 inch Winding width, available    
  Ltn= 4.204 inch Average turn length    
  Wp= 1.025 inch Primary winding width    
  kfr= 1   1 for copper foil, 2 for round wire    
  Cs= 4.0 mil Copper foil thickness    
  Dp= 1.9 mil Thickness, primary (required by current density)    
    5.0        
  Dpc= 4.0 mil Copper thickness    
  Qp= 0.54   Layer thickness/depth penetration, primary    
  Pp= 6.0   Number of layers per winding portion, primary    
  Frp= 1.34   Rac/Rdc ratio, primary    
  Ap= 2.65 mm2 Cross section area, primary    
  Ws= 1.075 inch Secondary winding width    
  Ds= 10.8 mil Thickness secondary required by current density    
  Dsc= 20.0 mil Thickness, secondary, chosen    
  Qs= 2.71   Layer thickness/depth penetration, secondary    
  Pbs= 1.0   Number of layers per winding portion, secondary    
  Frs= 2.71   Rac/Rdc ratio, secondary    
  As= 13.9 mm2 Cross section area, secondary    
  Wff= 53.8 % Winding height, fill factor    
  Tc= 125.0 °C Actual copper temperature    
             
Output data Ptcrl= 11.0 W Core Power Loss, 3F3    
  Pgap= 0.0 W Gap related loss    
  Rdcp= 12.1 mOhm DC Primary resistance    
  Racp= 16.2 mOhm AC Primary resistance    
  Rdcs= 0.4 mOhm DC Secondary resistance end to end  
  Racs= 1.0 mOhm AC Secondary resistance    
  Ptpl= 0.9 W Primary copper loss    
  Ptsl= 2.9 W Secondary copper loss    
  Ttcu= 3.8 W Total Copper loss    
  Pttl= 14.9 W Power Transformer total loss    
  Rth= 4.1 °C/W Rth, toroid, open wound, natural convection    
  dT3= 61 °C Core Temperature Rise, 3F3    
             
             
The coupling coefficient between primary and secondary is assumed to be 1.    
             
We suggest using class H(180°C) for Power Magnetics (Boost Inductor, Power Transformer and Output Inductor).  
             
For ferrites cores (Philips 3F3, Magnetics R, Siemens N87):    
Guaranteed Curie temperature: 200°C.      
Saturation flux density: 0.33@100°C, 0.30@130°C, 0.27@160°C.    
The operating core temperature is assumed to be 100°C for core loss calculation.    
Minimum loss would be at 80-90°C.        
Maximum core operating temperature should be <160°C (Tc=200°C-40°C margin).    
             
The accuracy of the formulas for core loss is expected to be ±10%.    
The accuracy of the formulas for temperature rise is expected to be ±30%.    
             
Temperature rise is for natural convection cooling.    
For forced (fan) cooling the temperature rise could be 1/2 to 1/3, depending on airflow.    
             
             
             
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Comments and suggestions are welcomed. See the full spreadsheet at: ADH2450Deszg.xls

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Copyright © 1998-2005 SMPS Power Supplies Inc. All rights reserved.